1/2 Karshappana

发行方	City of Bhagila (Narmada Valley)
年份	400 BC - 100 BC
类型	Standard circulation coin
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材质	登录以查看详情
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正面描述	登录以查看详情
正面文字	Brahmi
正面铭文	登录以查看详情
背面描述	Uniface; the reverse is entirely blank with no devices, symbols, or inscriptions struck upon the plain copper flan. The surface displays the characteristic rough texture of the hammered blank, with natural oxidation and encrustation accumulated over centuries. This uniface character is typical of early Indian copper coinage from the Narmada Valley region.
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附加信息	Bhagila remains poorly attested in ancient sources, appearing only in the Mahābhārata and a handful of later Buddhist texts as a city of the Narmada Valley. Whether the issuing authority was a civic body, a local chieftain, or a guild is unresolved. Punch-marked copper fractions of this region are among the least systematically catalogued of all ancient Indian coinages, and attribution to specific urban centers often rests on findspot concentration rather than epigraphic confirmation.

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